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METHODS OF BACTERIAL PLANT PATHOLOGY

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AUTHOR: B.P. CHAKRAVARTI

PUBLISHING YEAR: 2024

EDITION: 2nd

ISBN: 9788119319695

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CONTENTS

Title Page
Preface 4
Preamble: Bacteria and their properties 5-9
Chapter I: Sterilization of Laboratory Equipments and Culture Media 17-25
A. Sterilization by application of heat
1. Sterilization by steam under pressure
2.Sterilization by steam without pressure
3.Sterilization by hot air		  
B. Sterilization by application of gas
1.Sterilization by propylene oxide (PO)
2.Ethylene oxide
3.Peracetic acid		  
C. Sterilization by filtration

1. Sterilization by sintered glass filter
2. Sterilization by seitz filter
3.Sterilization by membrane (Millipore filter)
4. Sterilization by swinny filter adapter
5. Sterilization by chamber land filter

  
D. Sterilization by Radiation

Ultra violet lamps

  
E. Sterilization by chemicals  
Chapter II: Hanging-Drop Preparation for Examination of Living Bacteria 26-34
         1. Hanging drop preparation for examination of living bacteria for motility.  
         2. Ooze test to detect the presence of bacteria in diseased tissues.  
         3. Preparation of bacterial smears from infected tissues of plants.  
         4. Isolation of bacteria from diseased tissues.  
         5. Single colony isolation of bacteria

a)  Streak method

b) (i)Pour-plate method

(ii) Dilution method

  
         6. a.   Isolation of bacteria from seeds and twigs

b.  Isolation of bacteria from soil

c.   Isolation of bacteria from rhizosphere and enumeration of rhizosphere microflora

d.  Determination of weight of rhizosphere soil.

e.   Rhizosphere effect

f.    Koch’s Postulates

  
Chapter III: Microscopic Studies of Infected Host Tissue 35-41
         1. Free hand sections of infected plant tissues

(a)Microtome section

(i)Killing and fixing

(ii)Washing

(iii)Dehydration

(iv)Infiltration

(v) Embedding

(vi) Microtome section

(vii)Staining Procedure

(b) Measurement of bacteria

  
Chapter IV: Growth and Measurement of Growth of Bacteria 42-49
A. 1. Estimation of growth by plating method
2. Estimation of growth by visual method
3. Turbidimetric method
4. Direct count method		  
B. 1. Different terms used for bacterial colonies
2. Different types of growth in Agar slopes		  
C. Growth characters

1.   Oxygen requirements of bacteria and their classification.

2.   Effect of NaCl concentration in growth

3.   Utilization of carbon compounds

4.   Utilization of organic acids

5.   Utilization of Asparagine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen.

6.   Motility medium of bacteria and some other useful media.

  
Chapter V: Staining Methods of Bacteria 50-61
         1. Dye: basic dyes, acid dyes  
         2. Staining solutions  
         3. Mordant  
         4. Kinds of stains

(i)Gram stain
(ii)Acid fast stain
(iii) Spore stain
(iv) Flagella stain
(v)Cell wall stain
(vi)Negative stain

  
         5. Simple methods of staining (Ryu, 1980)
(i) Flagella stain
(i) Simple method of gram differentiation of bacteria without using any stain
(iii) Staining ofmetachromatic granules
(iv) Staining of bacterial granules
(v) Staining ofectoplasm(cell wall)

(vi) Capsule staining
(vii)  Spore staining
(viii)  Acid-fast staining

  
Chapter VI: Techniques of Inoculation With Phytopathogenic Bacteria 62-65
         1. Inoculation of leaves

(a) Spraybacterial suspension by spraying
(b) Spray bacterial suspension under pressure
(c) Pin-prick method
(d) Injury with multi needle
(e) Carborendum abrasion method

  
         2. Inoculation of plants in fields
(a) For testing ofresistance in fields
(b) Inoculation ofseedlings
(c) Inoculation of leafwhorl
(d) Inoculation of stalk with hypodermic syringe		  
         3. Inoculation of roots  
         4. Inoculation of seeds  
Chapter VII: Common Culture Media for Bacteriological Work        66-69
         1. Different kinds of media  
         2. Common media for growth and bacteriological work  
Chapter VIII: Differential and Selective Media 70-81
         1. Separation of bacteria from fungi  
         2. Separation of fungi from bacteria  
         3. Krainsky’s medium for actinomycetes  
         4. Starch-Ammonium medium for isolation of actinomycetes from soil  
         5. Yeast extract mannitol agar with congo Red specifically useful for Rhizobium sp.  
         6. Selective medium for Corynebacterium  
         7. Selective medium for Erwinia  
         8. Selective medium for Xanthomonas  
         9. Selective medium for Pseudomonas  
       10. Selective medium for Erwinia carotovorapv.zeae  
       11. Selective medium for Xanthomonas vesicatoria  
Chapter IX: Biochemical Characters 82-87
         1. Production of urease  
         2. Action on gelatin  
         3. Lipolytic activity  
         4. Action on nitrates  
         5. Production of nitrite from nitrate  
         6. Production of H2S  
         7. Production of Indole  
         8. Methyl red test  
         9. Action in litmus milk  
       10. Production of catalase  
       11. Arginine di hydrolase  
       12. Moller’s decarboxylase medium  
       13. Growth in Koser’s broth  
       14. Phenylalanine deaminase test  
       15. Lysine decarboxylase test  
       16. Production of pigment  
Chapter X: Changes in Chlorophyll A, B, Carotenes and Xanthophylls in Infected Plants. 88-93
A. 1.Chromatographic method
2.Quantitative method		  
B. 1.   Multiplication of bacteria in host

2.   Assay of antibiotics and testing of microorganisms for antagonism in vitro
(a)Paper disc Assay Method
(b) Cross streak method.

  
Chapter XI: Production of Pectinolytic Enzymes By Plant Pathogenic Bacteria 94-99
         1. Preparation of enzyme  
         2. Partial purification of enzyme  
         3. Enzyme preparation from infected plants.  
         4. Assay methods of enzymes

(a)Polygalacturonate transeliminase(PGTE)

(i)Viscometric method

(ii) Reaction Mixture Preparation

(iii) Thiobarbituric acid Test (TBA)

(iv) Release ofultraviolet absorbing substances

(b)Pectin trans-eliminase(PTE)

(i) Viscosity Assay Method

(c)Measurement of poly galacturonase(PG) Viscometric method

(d)Macerating enzyme

  
Chapter XII: Preservation of Diseased Specimens 100-104
A. (1) General preservatives for museum specimens
(2) Hessler’s preservative for colored fruits
(3) Preservation for green plants		  
B. Disease Rating, Infection Index and Calculation for loss in yield.  
C. Buffers

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer
(ii) Phosphate butter
(iii) Boric Acid-Borax-buffer
(iv) Mellvaine’s buffer

  
D. Relative Humidity Control  
Chapter XIII: Isolation of Bacteriophage 105-107
         1. Isolation from infected plant  
         2. Isolation from soil  
         3. Isolation from sewage  
         4. Spot test of detection of bacteriophage  
Chapter XIV: Preservation of Bacterial Culture 108-113
         1. Periodic subculturing  
         2. Sealing with mineral oil  
         3. Preservation in sterilized soil.  
         4. Silica gel technique of preservation  
         5. Preservation by freezing  
         6. Simplified method of Quadling  
         7. Method of Clement  
         8. Lyophilization Storing and opening of lyophyl cultures  
Chapter XV: Electron Microscopic Studies of Bacteria 114-117
         1. Principles of electron microscope which gives high resolution  
         2. Resolving power of a light microscope  
         3. Numerical Aperture (N.A.) of a light microscope  
         4. Procedure of electron microscopic study of a plant pathogenic bacterium  
         5. The bacterial cell morphology as seen by electron microscopic studies given in figures 29-33 showing single polar Flagellum, Binary fission and Slime layer around the rod-shaped bacterial cell.  
Chapter XVI: Rhizobium Cultures For Seed Treatment of Legume Crops: Multiplication and Method For Testing of Seeds 118-122
         1. Isolation of Rhizobium  
         2. Tests for nodule formation

(i) Test tube method
(ii)Multiplication ofrhizobia cultures
(iii) Method oftreatment ofseeds
(iv)Differentiation ofpseudo nodules from root nodules

  
Chapter XVII: Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Modern Trends 123-133
1. Selected important references on taxonomy.  
Chapter XVIII: Important References on Taxonomy of Bacteria 134
         1. References on taxonomy of bacteria  
         2. References on present day classification of plant pathogenic bacteria  
         3. Some important codes of bacterial nomenclature  
         4. Some important type culture centres of plant pathogenic bacteria and their addresses  
Chapter XIX: Measurement of pH 135-139
         1. Meaning of pH  
         2. Measurement of pH  
         3. Indicators for determining pH  
         4. Adjustment of pH of media

(i) Alkametry methods
(ii) Determination of total acidity
(iii) Determination of actual acidity(pH) and adjustment by colorimetric method
(iv) Reaction of media and their adjustment to definite pH value
(v) Two methods (a) Lovibond comparator (b) B.D.H.Capillator
(vi) Spot plate method

B.Cleaning of Glassware

C. Purification of Agar

  
Chapter XX: Development of Plant Bacteriology in India 140-146

 

 

Additional information

AUTHOR/AUTHORS

B.P. CHAKRAVARTI
PAGES

148
BINDING

Hard Back
PUBLICATION YEAR

2024

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